Salahudin Al-Ayubi

                                                         
                                                             


:Introduction:
Salahudin is an Islamic fighter who was freed in Jerusalem that Palestinians
of the crusaders.

:Resurrection:

Salahuddin was born in a Kurdish family in Tikrit, and sent to Damsyik to finish his education. His father, Najm ad-Din Ayyub, was governor of Baalbek region. During 10 years living in Damascus, Saladin's palace in the possession Nur ad-Din.Salahuddin received military training from his uncle, who is also Shirkuh the then commander of the Nur al-Din, and often represent the Nur al-Din on campaigns against the Government Fatimids in Egypt around the year 1160. Salahudin then inherited the task against the government faction (eventually lost) and his uncle was appointed captain in 1169. There, he took over a difficult role defending Egypt against the Crusaders attacked the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem under the leadership of Almaric I.Salahuddin ability dubious in the early stages of appointment as captain. No one expected him to last long due to many changes of government in the previous year as the power struggle by the governors that are inherent in the attention of the caliph. As the leader of a foreign army from Syria, Salahudin had no control over the Egyptian army, the Shi'ite, which was led by the Caliph Al-Adid.When the caliph died in September 1171, Salahudin had the priest announces the name of the Caliph Al-Mustadi (Abbasid Caliph of Baghdad) during Friday prayers. Now Saladin ruled Egypt, but only as the representative of Nur ad-Din. After he became leader of Egypt, Salahudin revitalized the economy of Egypt, reorganized the military forces and, following his father's advice to avoid any conflicts with Nur ad-Din. He waited until Nur ad-Din's death before starting a series of military campaigns. At first against smaller Muslim states, then the Crusaders. With the death of Nur ad-Din in 1174, he became the sultan of Egypt. He then declared independence from the government and founded the Seljuk Ayubbiyyah Government. He also returns the Sunni teachings in Egypt.

:Against The Crusaders

Middle East, c. 1190. Empire of Salahudin and the region warna kuasaannya shown in red; territory conquered from the Crusadersin the color pink. The color green indicates regions that are stilldominated the Crusaders.

In two different events of the year 1171 and 1173, Salahudin retreated from an attack by the Crusaders. Salahudin hoped that the government's cross was not bothered as long as he does not dominate Syria. Nur ad-Din and Salahudin battle nearly caused the incident but the death of Nur ad-Din in 1174, this war can be avoided. Inheritance of Nur ad-Din as-Salih Ismail al-Malik was just a child when his father was appointed to replace. However, he died in 1181.Immediately after Nur ad-Din's death, Salahudin marched on Damascus, and his arrival there, he is welcomed into the city. He strengthened his position by marrying Nur ad-Din's widow. Salahudin is not ruled Aleppo and Mosul (the two cities that had dominated Nur ad-Din), he can use its influence and control of the city in 1176 (Aleppo) and 1186 (Mosul).While Salahudin concentrated on the territories of Syria, the Crusaders left the states free, though he often had a victory over the Crusaders in which both sides fought. However, he accepted defeat in war Montgisard on 25 November, 1177. He was defeated by a combined army of Baldwin IV of Jerusalem, Raynald of Chatillon and the Knights Templar.Peace between Salahudin and the Crusader states reached in 1178.Salahudin attacked in 1179 after the defeat in the War Montsigard, and the attack on a stronghold of the Crusaders he successfully defeated the Crusaders. However, the Crusaders continued to attack the Muslims. Raynald of Chatillon disrupt trade routes and the pilgrimage of Muslims to the ships in the Red Sea. Raynald threatened to attack the Islamic holy cities of Mecca and Medina, which makes it the most hated in the Muslim world. In retaliation, Saladin besieged Kerak, Raynald a fort in 1183 and 1184.Raynald was attacking and killing a caravan of pilgrims on the Hajj journey in 1185.In July of 1187, Salahudin attacked the Crusaders states. On July 4, 1187, he fought in the Battle Hattin against mix of Guy of Lusignan (pronounced gi is not the guy), king of the states of the Cross, and Raymond III of Tripoli. The Crusaders were tired and hungry, water easily defeated by Salahudin's army. The defeat of the Crusaders was membei a huge impact for them and became a turning point in the history of the Crusades. Salahudin captured Raynald and his own decapitation Raynald due to errors. Guy of Lusignan was also captured but his life was spared.Battle of Hattin and recaptured the success of the Muslim army Baitulmaqdis cause the Third Crusade in the UK are financed through a special tax known as the "Tax Salahuddin".These Crusaders recaptured Acre, and Saladin's army fought with the army king Richard I of England (Richard The Lion Heart) in Arsuf War on 7 September 1191. Both good leader Salahudin or Richard has great respect for each other. They also have plans to reconcile with married Richard's sister, Joan of England to brother Salahuddin, Al-Adil, the city of Jerusalem into hantarannya.These negotiations failed due to concerns over religious affairs in both side.After War Hattin, Salahudin took back almost all the cities of the Crusader. He managed to capture again Baitulmaqaddis (Jerusalem) on October 2, 1187 after 88 years of Crusader rule (see Siege of Jerusalem). Salahudin captured the city except Tyre. Salahuddin community Kristian allow military and go there. The city was now commanded by Conrad of Montferrat. He strengthened Tyre's defenses and withstood two sieges by Saladin. In 1188, Salahudin released Guy of Lusignan and returned him to his wife, Queen regnant Sibylla of Jerusalem.The two leaders reached an agreement in the Treaty of Ramla in 1192, the city of Jerusalem would remain in Muslim hands but would be open to Christians. The agreement states that make the cross only small clusters along the coast from Tyre to Jaffa.Salahudin died on March 4, 1193 in Damascus shortly after the death of King Richard. When they opened Salahudin's safe to finance the funeral, they found that it was not enough (narrated Salahuddin leaving only a piece of gold and four silver time of death. There is also a history of saying the money is money henyalah 5 Dinar).Salahuddin has given almost all his property to the people-people who are poor. His tomb is located at the Umayyad Mosque is the focus of the famous tourist attraction. His tomb is the tomb that is often visited by Muslims around the world.

:Recognition:

Despite receiving strong opposition from Europe's Christian community,Salahuddin got a great reputation in Europe as aknight who is successful, that there is in the 14th century literaryepic about the success, and Dante placed among the good spirits in Limbo. Salahuddin appeared as a character in the writings of Sir Walter Scott, The Talisman (1825). Although the events behind the slaughter of Muslims, including women and children when the Crusaders captured Jerusalem in 1099, Salahuddin gave security of travel and life to all the Catholic Christian community and also to the Christian crusaders who lost (Greek Orthodox community are treated with more either because they are against the Crusaders). An interesting view of the Salahudin and the world she lived to read the novel Book Salahudin (London: Verso,1998) the work of Tariq Ali.
Despite different beliefs, Salahudin was respected among the nobles, particularly the Christian King Richard. King Richard oncepraised Salahudin as a great son, and is the most powerful leadersin the Muslim world. Salahuddin also praised Richard said that hewould rather fall into the hands of Richard Jerusalem from falling into the hands of others. After the peace agreement is signed,Richard and Salahudin exchanged gifts with each other as a symbolof honor. However, the two leaders have never met.

:Tomb Of Salahudin:

The tomb of Salahudin al ayubi near the Umayyad Mosque, Damascus, Syria.

Saladin was buried in a tomb located in the park next to out of Masjid Umayyad in Damascus, Syria. Emperor Wilhelm II of Germanydonated a new marble to the grave. The body of Salahudin, however,not placed there. Instead tomb has two graves is an empty tomb made ​​of marble and a tomb containing the remains of a wooden Salahuddin.